Collection and preservation of open ocean water samples from stations along a transect in the Barents Sea over the course of a year from July 2017 - July 2018. Four cruises in total to cover seasonal changes, two on board the James Clark Ross (RRS) and two aboard the Helmer Hansen (RV). A standard CTD cast was deployed to collect the samples, the depths were selected to support Primary Production experiments on board the ship, with deep samples representing 1% PAR. Research assistants from SAMS (Scottish Association for Marine Science) were responsible for the sample collection and Elaine Mitchell of SAMS was responsible for the sample analysis and data processing. This work was funded by Arctic PRIZE - NERC Thematic grant - Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) programme - NE/P006302/1.

Between December 2012 and March 2013, snow measurements were conducted in 3 snow pits at both Gourlay Snowfield and Tuva Glacier, Signy Island, to determine the bacterial diversity within the snowpacks. Sites are denoted ''TX'' and ''GY'', where ''X'' and ''Y'' are numbers representing one of nine snowpits in a grid at Tuva and Gourlay respectively. Snow samples of the ''top'' layer were taken from the surface snow layer at a depth of 0 to 20 cm from the surface; snow samples of the middle ''mid'' layer were taken from 20 cm to the bottom of the snow pit; and samples from the ''ice'' layer were taken from the superimposed ice at the bottom of the snow pit. Snow and ice samples were collected from these pits and transported frozen to the UK for further analysis. Funding was provided by the NERC grants NE/H014446/1 and NE/H014802/1.

Data on CO2 and CH4 exchange rates between soil and atmosphere, soil temperatures, bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes, fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) copies and the relative abundances of the 40 most abundant bacterial taxa in the 48 plots of a soil warming and irrigation experiment on Svalbard in the High Arctic. On 2014-09-10, a soil warming and irrigation experiment was set up at Kongsfjordneset on the Brogger Peninsula, Svalbard. Warming was applied continuously with open top chambers and the irrigation treatment was applied in mid-late June and late August each year. Greenhouse gas exchange between the soil and atmosphere was measured on 2018-08-23 and 2018-08-26. At this time, soil samples were taken for DNA analyses and the amount of bacterial and fungal DNA present in soil was measured. The 40 most frequent bacterial operational taxonomic units were also determined. This project was funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council (core funding to the British Antarctic Survey), the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100) and Seoul National University.